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Boolean search operators – what are they?
Boolean search operators are terms that users can use within a keyword query to adjust their queries for more relevant results.
With Unamo Social, we use a variety of boolean search operators for our users to acquire the most accurate data possible without having to enter in nine billion different search phrases.
Given the extremely expansive amount of mentions that occur across social media channels and their growing usage and popularity, these operators are becoming less of a luxury and more of a necessity within social listening and monitoring.
However, complex queries aren’t an ordinary thing.
Most social media monitoring tools limit the amount of Boolean operators available to their users to just:
This isn’t inherently bad, it’s just not allowing users to clean up their queries to get the most relevant results possible.
On top of that, complex queries that only utilize these parameters can end up looking like this:

Nobody’s got time for that.
Using more refined boolean operators can help parse through unwanted mentions that will ultimately:
All of these are necessary precursors to extracting data out of any social media analysis campaign – whether its for social media market research or social media management.
After all, your data and insights are only as informative as the query is you use to get them.
Some monitoring tools limit users on mentions or keywords in terms of pricing. Either way, having boolean search operators will help limit your keywords and maximize or limit the amount of mentions a user gets based on their needs.
There are a few different boolean search operators that only a few social media monitoring tools utilize for their users.
Using the double quotes “” search operator will ensure that whichever phrase is being searched for will be fetched in that order.
For example, searching for a phrase: the dog ran in the street, will look for mentions with that phrase in that word order.
In Unamo SMM, any search query is defaultly searched for in this way and thus the double-quotes are not necessary.

If you would want to look for certain phrases in mentions in which the word order isn’t a necessity, then you would use the “NEAR” operator, which we’ll get into later.
Wildcard truncation boolean operators – also known as the asterisk* rule – helps to minimize the amount of search queries a user needs to enter by fetching any variation of a word after the asterisk appears.
For example, a query that is looking for mentions about the environment could use the asterisk like this: environmen*.
This would return any variation of the word appearing after the “n” such as:
Furthermore, unlike other tools, Unamo SMM will honor the asterisk* rule in multi-word queries.
For example, a phrase like Sara* hous* will return results like:

Rather than implementing each variation of the phrase for both words, users can simply use the asterisk rule to get every variation of the mention with one keyword.
This is especially helpful with languages in which verb pronouns are suffix dependent. Simply place the asterisk at the root prefix of the verb and the tool will fetch all the variation endings for that verb.
This saves time, money if the business charges by keywords, and reduces the amount of unwanted data.
The “Near” boolean operator – or / rule – allows users to find words within a certain distance from the main search phrase.
Simply enter your main keyword followed by a space and a slash and then the number of words it has to appear within the main phrase.

In our example above, “hat” is our main keyword. The following related keywords that have the “/5” must appear within 5 words of our main keyword in a mention.

In our example we get “buy” coming 3 words before “hat”. This allows us to find relevant results for keywords that may have multiple contextualization.
Some tools will use a “~” or a Tilde, however the “/” in our boolean search works the same way.
The “AND” or “+” boolean search operator ensures that mentions appear with every word entered within a query, albeit without a specific order or distance from one another.
In Unamo SMM this is expressed with related keywords and globally required keywords.

With this method, you will get any mentions that feature all three of these keywords in any order and any distance from each other.
The main keyword is “hat” and the related is “buy” which means they must appear together. The globally required keyword means it must also appear in the same mention with the main and required keyword.
For now the AND operator is limited to three keywords. However, changes will be implemented soon to remove any limit.
The “OR” operator allows you to specify that any one of a set of keywords can appear in a mention.
This is done by making each individual phrase a main keyword.

In this example, any mention featuring either hat, jean(s), or jacket(s), will appear.
We can take this a step further and add AND operators to each phrase so that we will pick up mentions for each word with other parameters within each phrase.

In this example, we’ll get any mention that features the word “hat” and “buy”, or “jean(s)” and “sell(s)”, or “jacket(s)” and “get(s)”.
If you want just one universal word to appear with any of the keywords then you can add it to the globally required keywords and it will pick up any of the words in conjunction with the one universal keyword.

Using the “OR” search operator in this fashion allows you to expedite the process and aggregate the terms together while still maintaining a basic form of separation for quick data parsing.
Excluding certain words from your mentions is done via the “NOT” operator. This is a simple keyword exclusion that can be done in combination with any of the other boolean search operators.

Here we get each required keyword under our main keyword as excluded, meaning none of them can appear within a fetched mention.
We can set up different excluded keywords for each mention so that some main keywords will exclude certain words while other keywords (if we’re using the OR operator) will exclude different keywords.

Excluding one keyword from any mention that includes different keyword phrases using the OR operator requires users to exclude it in the globally required section.

Wiola!
Excluding certain words and phrases is a must for many social media managers needing to root out extraneous data.
Using the “AND”, “OR”, and/or the “NOT” boolean operators makes it easy.
Unamo SMM allows for special characters to be included in mentions such as:
The hashtags need to appear at the beginning of a word, much like they do on sites like Twitter and Instagram.
The @ symbol can appear anywhere in a phrase as most email addresses place it somewhere in the middle.
Pluses, &, and underscores can also appear anywhere in a phrase.
Given that a lot of digital phrases and terminology includes these symbols, it seems like a no-brainer to include them in any search.
You can exclude certain authors from your mention results after they have been fetched. You can also choose to exclude any keywords appearing in the author’s name.
For example, wanting to hear about people talking about Nike would obviously want to exclude that author from any fetched mentions from all of their social profiles and frequent posting.
You can put in any base URL to be tracked as a mention and the root form of that URL will be fetched with the use of wildcard truncation.
You can also exclude any domains or websites from mentions as well.
Every topic campaign is setup within a predefined location, so only mentions within that location will appear.
Currently in Unamo Social, you can search for mentions within The U.S.A, the U.K., or Poland.
Most businesses are unique in name or product, but there is still a ton of overlap to be reckoned with. Boolean search operators help users distinguish their products and interests with ease instead of manually excluding mentions and authors.
Get the data you need quickly, effectively, and painlessly.

Most business understand that social media marketing is no longer optional. For others, it’s the only option. But what’s all the fuss about social media management, monitoring, and listening?
Imagine for a minute that you could tune in to all of the public conversations related to your brand or industry online. Not just those happening on your social profiles.
Imagine what that kind of intel could help you do.
Tuning in to your customers’ public conversations (social media monitoring) and drawing insights from all that data (social listening) can catapult your social media marketing strategy into the stratosphere. But it’s not easy.
That’s because you have tons of data to analyze. Essentially, you can find out everything from how customers feel about your brand to how well a particular campaign resonated with your audience. But you need the know-how.
That’s why this article will tell you:
What is social media monitoring?
Social media monitoring is the first step in most social media management strategies. Social media monitoring is the act of compiling all mentions about a keyword, brand name, or topic that you want to track for the sake of listening to conversations related to your chosen words.
But before you can start monitoring social media you have to make a few strategic decisions.
First, where do you want to listen? Here’s a list of 15 possible social media platforms and other social forums where people may talk about your brand or keyword:
Next, you will need to choose your keywords. Ask yourself:
One more thing to take into consideration is what social media monitoring tools you’re going to use. And that’s where things get tricky. There are a ton of tools for managing social media mentions, and finding the right fit for your brand is difficult if you don’t know what you need beforehand.
That’s why it’s important to identify which platforms you want to monitor and how you will manage your keyword strategy.
What is social media management again? Want to brush up on the basics of social media management? Check out our guide – Social Media Management: Examples and Tips
Choosing keywords to monitor on social media is more difficult than it sounds. You may want to monitor mentions that contain your brand name or phrases related to a particular topic. And your choice will all depend on your end game.
Monitoring your brand name has the benefit of allowing you to:
Monitoring a particular phrase or topic allows you to:
Let’s start with how to use your brand name as a keyword for social media monitoring. When you’re monitoring mentions about your brand, you only use your brand name as your main keyword, right? Not so fast. Here are a couple of other things you will want to remember:
For example, our company is Unamo. We use two variations of our name for our software – Unamo SEO and Unamo Social. Using “unamo” as a keyword will guarantee that we find all mentions containing the word “unamo.”
At the same time, we may want to monitor the variations separately to see what people are saying about our individual products. We may also want to use the variations as a way to exclude other mentions referring to the Star Wars character of the same name.
So, to monitor our brand we would choose the following keywords:
RIGHT
Unamo SEO and Unamo Social
WRONG
Unamo
Paying attention to variations becomes more important when you have many brands with variations under the umbrella of a single parent company. Good examples are food and beverage or FMCG companies.
Let’s take Nestlé as an example. Nestlé is responsible for more than 2,000 brands. Without narrowing things down, you may find it difficult to tell if a person mentioning Nestlé is talking about Gerber baby food or Purina dog food.
And then there are variations within brands. Butterfinger variations include Butterfinger Cups, Butterfinger Bites, and Butterfinger Crisp. You may want to monitor everything together, or run separate monitoring campaigns for each variation.
When a person writes your brand name, how do they spell it? Chick Filet or Chick-Fil-A? McDonald’s, McDonalds, or MacDonalds?
What was your favorite breakfast cereal when you were a kid? Was it Lucky Charms, Cocoa Puffs, or Fruity Pebbles? How about Froot Loops. That’s right – Froot Loops not Fruit Loops. For anyone monitoring the Froot Loops brand it would be worth it to check out mentions of Fruit Loops as well.
Pro Tip: What if your brand name is easy to spell? Do keyword research for your brand name to find out how users search for you in Google. Often, various misspellings of the main keyword will show up in your research, and you’ll have an idea of what to monitor.
Let’s go back to McDonald’s. The burger chain has had various slogans over the years stretching back decades.
In recent memory, the 90’s gave us – “Did somebody say McDonald’s?” The early 2000’s was – “We love to see you smile.” And now we have – “I’m lovin’ it.”
A quick search shows that there were only six mentions with the 90’s phrase:

But what happens when we search for the current McDonald’s catchphrase? Social media users mentioned the phrase almost 3,000 times in public posts within the last month.

But as you can see, the slogan has become a popular catchphrase to discuss all sorts of things. Like a good movie quote, “I’m lovin’ it,” no longer has much to do with McDonald’s. At the same time, McDonald’s is one of those omnipresent brands. People don’t need to talk about it much. But if you’re not McDonald’s try throwing your slogan into the mix to see what surfaces.
After your brand name(s) and your slogan another thing to keep your eye on are current campaigns and events related to your brand. A great example in two words? Szechuan Sauce.

If you’re unaware of the current Szechuan Sauce debacle, let me give you the short version. When Disney’s Mulan came out in 1998, McDonald’s created a temporary teriyaki-based chicken nugget dipping sauce – Szechuan Sauce.
The sauce was removed from the menu at the end of the promotion. That was the one and only time Hot Mustard Sauce was dethroned as the best nugget sauce at McDonald’s.
Fast forward to 2017. Szechuan Sauce is referenced in the popular, adult cartoon show Rick and Morty. Rick becomes temporarily obsessed with finding a way to try the sauce one last time. The episode created a Szechuan Sauce storm on social media.
Now, Mcdonald’s was listening. At the end of July, the creator of Rick and Morty tweeted that he received a bottle of Szechuan Sauce from McDonald’s. Then, McDonald’s tweeted that the sauce would reappear in select restaurants for one day in October 2017 creating another peak in online discussions.

The entire exchange is a great example of what social media listening looks like in action. Yet, McDonald’s miscalculated its response by underestimating the demand for the sauce and the ability of an online fandom to turn into an angry mob over packets of retro Mulan sauce:
Angry crowd chants “We want sauce” as police force them back. 1000+ people camped out to get #szechuansauce but McDonalds had 70 sauces… pic.twitter.com/wEaqC64Hln
— Ian
Sikes (@ianjsikes) October 7, 2017
One other thing to watch out for when using your brand name as a keyword is real-world equivalents of your brand. A great example is Apple.
To weed out millions of social mentions about fruit, you will need to either include or exclude various words until you’re left with mentions of your brand only. For Apple, they may want to set their keywords so that the word “iPhone” must show up in mentions containing the word “Apple.”
Amazon is another great example. There’s the Amazon Rainforest, the Amazon River, and the Amazons. How can you make sure you gather social mentions about Amazon the e-retailer instead of Amazons the mythical female warriors?
Exclude the word “warriors.” You would also want to exclude the phrases “Amazon Rainforest,” “Amazon River,” and the plural form of Amazon.
Here’s an example of what it looks like to exclude key phrases using Unamo Social:

Pro Tip: Once you’ve seen what sort of social media mentions your keywords targeted, refine your search for more precise results. Don’t be afraid to play around with excluding and including various keywords until you feel you’re getting the correct mentions.
Here’s where things may get a bit more difficult. Monitoring a proper noun like a brand name is easier than monitoring a more general product or service.
How can you monitor “red dresses” or “paper cups” and know that they’re your red dresses and paper cups and not those of another brand? In such cases, you can always add your brand name. For example “Zara red dresses” or “Dior red dresses.”

But monitoring for a product or service works best when what you sell has a definitive, standalone name. For example, Starbucks can monitor for its brand name “Starbucks.” But it could also monitor for “pumpkin spice latte,” one of its best selling products.
McDonald’s could monitor “Big Mac,” “chicken nuggets,” and “McFlurry,” among other things. Apple would do best to monitor by product, using keywords like “iPhone 8” or “MacBook Air.”
The important thing to keep in mind is that every brand will have to tailor its strategy to meet its needs. There is no one-size-fits-all social media management strategy. It takes planning and a lot of trial and error before you can find a strategy that gets you the best results.
Pro Tip: You can also monitor the names of leading individuals in your company. You may find that a person represents your brand more than a product or keyword. For example, Tesla may find it useful to monitor Elon Musk’s name alongside “Tesla” as a brand keyword.
Once you’ve collected all the mentions out there related to your keywords, it’s time to listen.
So, what is social media listening?
Social media listening is looking at all the social media mentions you’ve gathered as a whole. It’s at this point where you stop monitoring individual posts like you do when you conduct customer service online.
Instead, you start analyzing all the posts for trends and patterns that can help you make bigger moves.That’s the difference between social media listening and social media monitoring.
Think of it like this. A long, long time ago you were in high school. During breaks, a student or teacher stood in the hall monitoring students for bad behavior – the student version was known as a “hall monitor.”
When the hall monitor noticed that Johnny’s shoes were untied or that Karen pushed Diane, she took action. Johnny was told to tie his shoes and Karen got detention. That’s social media monitoring – handling mentions on a case-by-case basis. But what would happen if our hall monitor started listening to the students?
Every day Karen gossiped with Heather, Tina, and Crystal about Diane and other girls. Our hall monitor listened to various conversations and found out that the mean girls had created a clique called the Denim Tigers. The Tigers spent most of their time harassing Diane’s group.
Suddenly, the hall monitor realized that she uncovered a bigger problem than that one push in the hallway. She decided to tackle the problem with a more enduring solution than giving Karen detention. The end. That’s social media listening – analyzing all mentions to get a holistic vision.
What are you supposed to do with all that data once you’ve got it all in one place? Well, that’s the million dollar question.
One of the first things you will notice when you start to monitor keywords with a social media management tool, is that the tool comes with built in analytics. The analytics will differ depending on the tool you use, but most will help you track some of the following data:
Social listening is all about looking at this data and deciding how best to engage with your audience based on your findings. Let’s take a closer look at how to use social listening to track brand awareness and sentiment and to identify influencers in your niche.
Entering your brand name into a social media management tool is one way to quickly gauge just how aware consumers are of your brand. The higher the volume, the more people are talking about you. When you aren’t a massive household name, that’s not bad information to have.
Plus, a lot of tools will also show you where the chatter about your brand is happening. Knowing the source of the mentions can help you do two things. First, you can continue to push what’s working on platforms where you’re already popular. Second, you can start to generate brand awareness on target platforms where there’s no activity.

Another cool feature is sentiment analysis. A lot of social media management tools will show you the overall “sentiment” expressed toward the keyword or topic you’re monitoring.
That way you can find out if people are happy about your brand, product, or service. You can also find out how they feel about different topics related to your brand or industry so you know what content to feed them.
There’s only one drawback to sentiment analysis. It’s just as difficult for machines as it is for humans to understand some sentiment. Sarcasm and irony are good examples. At times it’s best to monitor several individual posts to see what’s driving the sentiment. Here’s an example:

Notice that almost 50% of the sentiment here is “neutral.” Do you believe that most people felt “neutral” about Hurricane Irma? Well, that’s doubtful. But a neutral ranking comes from ambiguous language used to express grief and support.
Pro Tip: You can conduct sentiment analysis on both the listening and the monitoring level. Listen to the sentiment directed toward a topic or your brand to adjust your campaigns or strategies. Monitor the sentiment of individual posts to handle direct customer service issues.
Want to find out how to analyze sentiment to better understand your audience? Not sure how it all works? Check out our guide on social media sentiment analysis: Understanding Sentiment Analysis in Social Media Monitoring
Influencers are the new marketing channel for a lot of brands. More companies are making an effort to find influencers who can act as brand ambassadors or “It Girls” for their brand.
One example is Kim Kardashian-West posting an image of her stay in an Airbnb penthouse on Instagram. She also added a hashtag, giving a shout out to the brand for the stay:

The interesting point here is that while Kim Kardashian is a celebrity, her Instagram post falls into the category of influencer marketing instead of celebrity endorsement. The idea is that Kim’s followers will think that Kim uses Airbnb because she likes it, not because she was paid.
Now, it’s obvious that recruiting Kim Kardashian as an influencer is out of reach for most brands. And it’s important to point out that having an influencer who is authentic and deeply connected to your niche is much better than connecting with a random celebrity anyway.
That’s where social listening comes in – you can often find out who is already an influencer for a target topic through social listening. Let’s use the keyword “Zara dress” to find influencers.

Fiona Frills is a beauty and fashion Youtuber with almost 500,000 subscribers and her own website. In her bio, she states that her favorite shops are Forever21 and Zara. In her videos, Fiona reviews different kinds of makeup and clothing that she picks up from trips to the mall.
She’s the perfect example of an influencer that a beauty or fashion brand might reach out to in an effort to build an influencer/brand relationship. Some brands may even find her too big of an influencer to reach out to, preferring influencers with smaller, more dedicated followings.
Now, one thing to keep in mind is that engaging with an influencer is about creating an authentic relationship with that person. Once you pay for an influencer to engage with your brand, you’ve bought an endorsement. Disguising endorsements as influencer relationships is illegal.
Pro Tip: Let’s say your social media management tool has estimated ad spend as a feature. That’s a good way to calculate how much you save when engaging with an influencer instead of putting money toward an ad campaign or endorsement.
Still hungry for more? Want to know how to use social media to conduct market research? Check out our guide: 7 Tips on How to Use Social Media for Market Research
Social media management is how you as a brand can take your social media marketing strategy to the next level. It’s no longer enough to have a dedicated customer service Twitter profile and a branded Facebook page.
No, you need to use social listening to analyze all the conversations happening online about your brand. Otherwise, you’re missing out on all sorts of opportunities to discover what your customers want and how to improve the way your brand engages with your audience.
Did we miss anything? Still confused about how to choose keywords for your social media monitoring campaign? Not sure how to use social listening to analyze your data? Let us know in the comments and we’ll get back to you!

Is it wrong to discuss climate change during climate disasters?
Scott Pruitt, the Administrator at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), says that it is.
He told CNN in a phone interview that it’s “misplaced” to “focus on the cause and effect of the storm” during the storm.
So, did anyone listen to him? Apparently not. People are talking up a storm about climate change on social in wake of hurricanes Harvey and Irma.

Hurricane Harvey made landfall on August 25, 2017.
On that day, there were just over 5,000 social media mentions of “climate change.” Between the 28th and the 29th mentions of climate change more than doubled.
By the 30th, mentions peaked at nearly 50,000.
By September, Hurricane Irma became a record breaker in more ways than one. Not only is Irma the strongest hurricane to ever form over the Atlantic, it also created a surge in climate change mentions.
Mentions hit another low at just over 16,000 on September 3, but skyrocketed to a new high of 67,884 mentions by the 9th. Irma made landfall on September 10, 2017.
So, how many people are talking about the hurricanes in general? Millions.

It’s natural to talk about the weather. But there are those who don’t want climate change to be a part of the discussion.
And Pruitt isn’t alone.
Rick Scott, Florida’s Governor, banned the words “climate change” from all official communications in 2015.
Meanwhile, Tomás Regalado (Rep.), Mayor of Miami, told the Miami Herald, that this is the perfect time and place to discuss climate change.
“This is the time to talk about climate change. This is the time that the president and the EPA and whoever makes decisions needs to talk about climate change,” he said.
So, are people really talking more about climate change or the hurricanes? What happens when we filter out mentions containing the phrase “climate change?”

Mentions exclusively about Hurricane Harvey peaked on August 30th at 884,931 mentions.
Irma’s mentions peaked on September 10th at just over 1 million.
In comparison, climate change peaked at just over 67,000.
According to our metrics, men are doing almost all the talking about climate change.

Women only felt a bit more inclined to mention Harvey in a post.

Yet, it was Irma that inspired most women to speak up on social, with 2.9 million women leaving comments or posting.

So, what are people discussing?
After an initial scan, the words “man made” and “god” kept appearing in connection with the main phrase “climate change.”
Out of the 637,000 mentions we tracked, almost 28,000 included the phrase “man made.” A further 59,000+ mentions included the word “god.”
The number of mentions including the word “god” rose to more than 61,000 after Pope Francis condemned climate change skepticism.

Further analysis showed that many of the mentions containing these phrases were made in response to posts about Jennifer Lawrence and Cara Mund, Miss America 2018.
Both ladies made comments asserting that climate change is caused by human activity, sparking backlash on social media.
And who are the men making waves?
Top influencers include Andy Borowitz from the Borowitz Report over at The New Yorker, Dan Rather, Senator Bernie Sanders, and Robert Reich.
Senator Bernie Sanders has recently called out Scott Pruitt on Twitter for being a climate change denier.
Trump’s nominee to lead EPA, Scott Pruitt, is a climate denier who’s worked closely with the fossil fuel industry. That’s sad and dangerous.
— Bernie Sanders (@SenSanders) December 7, 2016
If you’re not familiar with Andy Borowitz, he writes satirical political pieces. His post below received 12K likes, over 200 comments, and more than 2,500 shares.

On Twitter, the top influencers include:
The list also includes comedians, meteorologists, and journalists.
Most mentions point to the fact that climate change may have had an affect on the severity of the hurricanes now hitting the US.

But it’s not just the liberals who are talking.
Well-known conservative and libertarian influencers, including Rush Limbaugh and John Stossel, are almost exclusively writing posts denying climate change.

Sean Hannity made a post smearing Jennifer Lawrence for her comments.
Notice that the social sentiment for NPR’s post is categorized as “neutral,” reflecting the dominant sentiment of the discussion.
Below, you can see there’s a fairly even split between negative and positive mentions regarding climate change.

NPR’s mention does not use any inflammatory language. All they’re saying is that oceans are warmer and warmer oceans result in superstorms. Thus, the neutral ranking.
Our tool marked both Borowitz and Limbaugh’s comments as negative, even though Borowitz is using satirical language.
Not everything is as heavy as all that. There’s also those attempting to add some levity to the situation. Here’s a positive mention from comedian Tim Hanlon.

For North America, 2017 has been a particularly bad weather year, providing endless unusual weather topics.

The variety and strength of these climate disasters are starting to take on Biblical proportions and are creating a perfect storm for climate change talk.
Information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Information (NOAA) shows that the US alone suffered nine weather and climate disasters by the beginning of July 2017.
These climate disasters have loss price tags exceeding $1 billion and have resulted in 57 deaths. The 1980-2016 average is 5.5 events.

The Governor of Texas said Harvey could cost anywhere between $150 and $180 billion. AccuWeather predicts Harvey will cost $190 billion alone, and that Harvey and Irma combined will have a $290 billion price tag.
To put that in perspective, Katrina cost US taxpayers in excess of $110 billion.
But besides the price tags, are these storms out of the ordinary?
According to the National Hurricane Center, a typical Atlantic hurricane season (June – November) produces 11 named systems, of which 6 reach hurricane strength. By September, an average year would produce 4 named systems and 2 hurricanes.
It’s September and the Atlantic season has produced 11 named systems and 6 hurricanes, causing NOAA to predict that the season will be “above average” with 19 named storms and 9 hurricanes by end of season.
While blaming the unusual season on climate change may not sit well, the storm patterns are certainly to blame for creating climate change chatter on social media.
Whether it’s right or wrong to discuss climate change during climate disasters is beside the point. People are talking.
Perhaps it has to do with the White Bear Conundrum. Once you tell people not to talk about white bears, all they can talk about is white bears.
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